v ( t ) = v 0 + a t
s ( t ) = v 0 t + a t 2 2
a → = Δ v → Δ t
p → = m v →
F T = μ F N
W = F s cos ∢ F → s →
E kin = m v 2 2
P = Δ W Δ t
f = 1 T
ω = Δ α Δ t = 2 π T = 2 π f
a d = v 2 r
F d = m v 2 r
ω ( t ) = ω 0 + ε t
α ( t ) = ω 0 t + ε t 2 2
M = F r sin ∢ F → r →
I = ∑ i = 1 n m i r i 2
J = I ω
ε = M I
E kin = I ω 2 2
x ( t ) = A sin ( ω t + φ )
v x ( t ) = A ω cos ( ω t + φ )
a x ( t ) = − A ω 2 sin ( ω t + φ )
F x ( t ) = − m A ω 2 sin ( ω t + φ )
T = 2 π l g
T = 2 π m k
F g = G m 1 m 2 r 2
γ → = F → g m
E pot = − G m 1 m 2 r E pot = m g h dla h < < R z
v I = G M z R z ≈ 7,9 km s v II = 2 G M z R z ≈ 11,2 km s
λ = v T = v f
v 1 v 2 = sin α sin β = n 2 n 1 = n 2 1
n λ = d sin α
L = 10 log I I 0 I 0 = 10 − 12 W m 2
f = f źr v ± u ob v ± u źr
F x = − k x
E pot = k x 2 2
F = k q 1 q 2 r 2 k = 1 4 π ε 0
E → = F → q E = U d
E pot = k q 1 q 2 r
V = E pot q
C = Q U
C = ε 0 ε r S d
W = C U 2 2
I = Δ Q Δ t
U = R I
R = ρ l S
I = ε R Z + R W
P = I U
F = q v B sin ∢ v → B →
F = B I l sin ∢ l → B →
Φ = B S cos ∢ B → S →
B = μ 0 μ r I 2 π r
B = μ 0 μ r I 2 r
B = μ 0 μ r n I l
F = μ 0 μ r I 1 I 2 l 2 r
ε = − Δ Φ Δ t
ε = − L Δ I Δ t
L = μ 0 μ r n 2 S l
ε = n B S ω sin ω t
U sk = U max 2
I sk = I max 2
U 1 U 2 = n 1 n 2 = I 2 I 1
R L = ω L = 2 π f L
R C = 1 ω C = 1 2 π f C
f = 1 2 π L C
Z = R 2 + ( ω L − 1 ω C ) 2
p = F S
ρ = m V
Q = m c w Δ T
Q = m L Q = m R
p V T = const
p V = n R T
C p = C v + R
Δ U = Q + W
W = − p Δ V gdzie p = const
η = W uż Q wł η = Q 1 − Q 2 Q 1
η = T 1 − T 2 T 1
E n = − m e e 4 8 ε 0 2 h 2 · 1 n 2
1 f = 1 x + 1 y
1 f = ( n socz n otocz − 1 ) ( 1 R 1 + 1 R 2 )
f = R 2
Z = 1 f
sin α gr = 1 n
tg α B = n
E = m c 2 = m 0 c 2 1 − v 2 c 2
p = m 0 v 1 − v 2 c 2
Δ t = Δ t ′ 1 − v 2 c 2
E = h v
p = h λ
λ = h p
Δ p x Δ x ≥ h 4 π
h v = W + ( m v 2 2 ) max
N = N 0 2 − t T 1/2
F = p S
p = ρ g h
F wyp = ρ g V
T 2 R śr 3 = const
g ≈ 9,81 m s 2 ≈ 10 m s 2
M Z ≈ 5,98 · 10 24 kg
R Z ≈ 6370 km
G ≈ 6,67 · 10 − 11 N · m 2 kg 2
N A ≈ 6,02 · 10 23 1 mol
V ≈ 22,41 dm 3 mol
R ≈ 8,31 J mol · K
k B ≈ 1,38 · 10 − 23 J K
ε 0 ≈ 8,85 · 10 − 12 C 2 N · m 2 1 4 π ε 0 = k ≈ 8,99 · 10 9 N · m 2 C 2
μ 0 = 4 π · 10 − 7 N A 2
c ≈ 3,00 · 10 8 m s
h ≈ 6,63 · 10 − 34 J · s
e ≈ 1,60 · 10 − 19 C
m e ≈ 9,11 · 10 − 31 kg
m p ≈ 1,67 · 10 − 27 kg
m n ≈ 1,68 · 10 − 27 kg
μ ≈ 1,66 · 10 − 27 kg